摘要 :
Child neglect, whether intentional or unintentional on the part of caregivers, has serious and far-reaching negative consequences for children. Neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment and has been associated with ...
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Child neglect, whether intentional or unintentional on the part of caregivers, has serious and far-reaching negative consequences for children. Neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment and has been associated with impaired cognitive development, changes in brain structure and nervous systems, behavioral and personality disorders and poor academic performance. However, the role of child neglect, and subtypes of neglect, in the development of adult violent behavior is not well understood. The "cycle of violence" hypothesis, which predicts that individuals exposed to child physical abuse are more likely to be physically violent in adulthood, is well supported by the literature. However, a growing number of studies suggests that child neglect may be equally predictive, or more predictive, of adult violent behavior than child physical abuse. The present review considers a range of studies that investigate aspects of this relationship, and identifies key patterns and trends that have emerged from these investigations. Methodological issues and limitations of the existing literature are also identified and new research directions suggested. This review also considers studies that support the possibility of protective factors against the development of adult violent behavior in victims of child neglect.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe how child maltreatment chronicity is related to negative outcomes in later childhood and early adulthood. METHODS: The study included 5994 low-income children from St Louis, including 3521 with child maltrea...
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OBJECTIVE: To describe how child maltreatment chronicity is related to negative outcomes in later childhood and early adulthood. METHODS: The study included 5994 low-income children from St Louis, including 3521 with child maltreatment reports, who were followed from 1993-1994 through 2009. Children were 1.5 to 11 years of age at sampling. Data include administrative and treatment records indicating substance abuse, mental health treatment, brain injury, sexually transmitted disease, suicide attempts, and violent delinquency before age 18 and child maltreatment perpetration, mental health treatment, or substance abuse in adulthood. Multivariate analysis controlled for potential confounders. RESULTS: Child maltreatment chronicity predicted negative childhood outcomes in a linear fashion (eg, percentage with at least 1 negative outcome: no maltreatment = 29.7%, 1 report = 39.5%, 4 reports = 67.1%). Suicide attempts before age 18 showed the largest proportionate increase with repeated maltreatment (no report versus 4+ reports = +625%, P < .0001). The dose-response relationship was reduced once controls for other adverse child outcomes were added in multivariate models of child maltreatment perpetration and mental health issues. The relationship between adult substance abuse and maltreatment report history disappeared after controlling for adverse child outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Child maltreatment chronicity as measured by official reports is a robust indicator of future negative outcomes across a range of systems, but this relationship may desist for certain adult outcomes once childhood adverse events are controlled. Although primary and secondary prevention remain important approaches, this study suggests that enhanced tertiary prevention may pay high dividends across a range of medical and behavioral domains.
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The purpose of the present study was to adopt the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale - Child Report (10-15 Years) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version. The participants of the stud...
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The purpose of the present study was to adopt the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale - Child Report (10-15 Years) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version. The participants of the study were a total number of 160 children (81 female and 71 male) between the ages of 10 and 15 who were recruited from a primary, a secondary and a high school in Nicosia, north Cyprus which is the Turkish population of the island. In terms of the validity analysis, construct and criterion related validity analysis were both conducted. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a construct of 6 factors and 35 items for the Mother Form and a construct of 7 factors and 41 items for the Father Form of the scale. In the criterion-related validity analysis, both the Mother and the Father Forms were found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the criteria measures. In terms of the reliability analysis, the internal consistency coefficients were computed by employing the KR-20 method. The reliability coefficient was found to be .832 for the total neglect score of the Mother Form and .908 for the total neglect score of the Father Form. According to these results, the Turkish version of the MNBS-CR (10-15 Years) is a reliable, valid and psychometrically sound instrument that can be used for assessing child neglect in a Turkish sample.
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The aim of this study was to adopt the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale - Parents Form (MNBS-PR) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Form. The participants of the study w...
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The aim of this study was to adopt the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale - Parents Form (MNBS-PR) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Form. The participants of the study were 316 parents (166 mothers and 150 fathers) who have children between 10 and 15 years old. The validity of the Form was examined by construct and criterion related validity analysis. For the construct validity analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The analysis revealed a construct of 6 factors and 23 items. In terms of the criterion related validity, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between the scores of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the cognitive neglect, supervisory neglect, abandonment, failure to protect, alcohol use sub-dimensions and the total neglect scores of the MNBS-PR. The internal consistency coefficients were computed in terms of the reliability analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total neglect score was found to be 0.68. According to the results, this study provides an instrument that can be used for assessing parents' neglectful behaviors towards their children in a Turkish sample.
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This study found that the majority of urban adults did not believe that any of the characteristics of children posed to them predisposed a child to abuse. In contrast, 40% of respondents claimed child abuse could not occur in a fa...
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This study found that the majority of urban adults did not believe that any of the characteristics of children posed to them predisposed a child to abuse. In contrast, 40% of respondents claimed child abuse could not occur in a family like the one in which they grew up. The majority perceived only one characteristic, alcohol abuse, as a characteristic of child abusers. Few respondents (10%) believed that child abusers could not be helped, and 25% were not sure. Adults' perceptions of child abuse and abusers varied by sex, age, socioeconomic status, and whether the respondents had children. The data indicate that there are significant deficits in the respondents' knowledge of child abuse and neglect.
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In Kenya today, we are experiencing an increase in the number of boy child dropping out of school thus making the female figure to be ahead as far as development agenda is concerned. There is increase in singlehood due to one’s o...
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In Kenya today, we are experiencing an increase in the number of boy child dropping out of school thus making the female figure to be ahead as far as development agenda is concerned. There is increase in singlehood due to one’s own choice, separation and divorce because boy child does not feel empowered to take up their roles as heads of families later in life. A lot is documented about single hood but information about impact of girl child empowerment amid boy child neglect on singlehood is minimally captured in literature. This study empirically modeled the impact of girl child empowerment amid boy child neglect on single hood in Kakamega County. The study employed sample survey method of data collection. Single hoods of age 30 years and above formed the study population. The data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed by use of Chi-Squares to test the degree of relationship between the variables of study and singlehood. Linear regression analysis was also used to come up with a model of how the variables of study influenced singlehood in the county. The study revealed negative correlation between girl child empowerment and singlehood and a positive correlation between boy child neglect and singlehood. The findings are expected to be useful to stakeholders in Kakamega County when designing appropriate plan of action to empower both boy child and girl child alike.
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Since ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995, significant efforts were made in Turkey to improve protection of children from abuse and neglect. The government took steps to amend relevant ...
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Since ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995, significant efforts were made in Turkey to improve protection of children from abuse and neglect. The government took steps to amend relevant laws. Several state departments recognized the need for professional in-service training of relevant governmental agency staff. University hospitals established numerous hospital-based multidisciplinary child protection centres. The government established an Interministerial Higher Council, which has been overseeing the foundation of 13 child advocacy centres for a multidisciplinary and interagency response to child sexual abuse. In addition to undertaking research, non-governmental organizations contributed to this process by instituting professional and public education. These ground-breaking developments in the last decade give promise of even further improvement in the national child protection system from investigative, child protective and rehabilitative perspectives.
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Purpose: Child maltreatment has serious implications for youth outcomes, yet its associations with early parenting practices are not fully understood. This study investigated whether breastfeeding practices are correlated with chi...
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Purpose: Child maltreatment has serious implications for youth outcomes, yet its associations with early parenting practices are not fully understood. This study investigated whether breastfeeding practices are correlated with childhood maltreatment. Materials and Methods: Data were utilized from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative and longitudinal study of adolescents. The analytic sample comprised 4,159 adolescents. The outcome variables included four subtypes of childhood maltreatment (neglect, inadequate supervision, physical abuse, and sexual abuse). The primary independent variable was breastfeeding duration. Covariates of the child, mother, and household were included in analyses. Logistic regression models were employed to predict odds of maltreatment subtypes from breastfeeding duration and covariates. Results: Compared with adolescents never breastfed, adolescents breastfed 9 months or longer had a reduced odds of having experienced neglect (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.35–0.83) and sexual abuse (OR?=?0.47; 95% CI?=?0.24–0.93) after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Breastfeeding duration is significantly associated with decreased childhood neglect and sexual abuse. Breastfeeding practices should be explored as a consideration among clinicians when assessing maltreatment risk. Further research should examine whether a causal relationship exists between breastfeeding and decreased maltreatment.
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Objective: Neglect of a child's oral health can lead to pain, poor growth and impaired quality of life. In populations where there is a high prevalence of dental caries, the determination of which children are experiencing dental ...
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Objective: Neglect of a child's oral health can lead to pain, poor growth and impaired quality of life. In populations where there is a high prevalence of dental caries, the determination of which children are experiencing dental neglect is challenging. This systematic review aims to identify the features of oral neglect in children. Methods: Fifteen databases spanning 1947-2012 were searched; these were supplemented by hand searching of 4 specialist journals, 5 websites and references of full texts. Included: studies of children 0-18 years with confirmed oral neglect undergoing a standardised dental examination; excluded: physical/sexual abuse. All relevant studies underwent two independent reviews (+/- 3rd review) using standardised critical appraisal. Results: Of 3863 potential studies screened, 83 studies were reviewed and 9 included (representing 1595 children). Features included: failure or delay in seeking dental treatment; failure to comply with/complete treatment; failure to provide basic oral care; co-existent adverse impact on the child e.g. pain and swelling. Two studies developed and implemented 'dental neglect' screening tools with success. The importance of Quality of Life tools to identify impact of neglected dental care are also highlighted. Conclusions: A small body of literature addresses this topic, using varying definitions of neglect, and standards of oral examination. While failure/delay in seeking care with adverse dental consequences were highlighted, differentiating dental caries from dental neglect is difficult, and there is a paucity of data on precise clinical features to aid in this distinction. Clinical significance: Diagnosing dental neglect can be challenging, influencing a reluctance to report cases. Published evidence does exist to support these referrals when conditions as above are described, although further quality case control studies defining distinguishing patterns of dental caries would be welcome.
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Neglect is often a neglected form of child maltreatment even though it is the most common and deadliest form of child maltreatment. Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) will most likely encounter neglected children in their practi...
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Neglect is often a neglected form of child maltreatment even though it is the most common and deadliest form of child maltreatment. Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) will most likely encounter neglected children in their practice. It is crucial that PNPs recognize child neglect in a timely manner and intervene appropriately. This continuing education article will help PNPs understand and respond to child neglect. Neglect will be defined and risk factors will be discussed. Children who are neglected can experience serious and lifelong consequences. The medical assessment and plan of care for children with concerns of suspected neglect will be discussed.
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